production of every effect there is an efficiency of two causes: first and second.38 According to Paul Helm, Zwingli is representative of the first theory whereas Calvin is representative of the second. Helm writes: This difference can be starkly illustrated from the perspective attitudes of Calvin and Zwingli to the distinction between primary and secondary causes … Calvin (with the aid of the scholastics) strives to preserve that distinction because it is the way in which the biblical testimony